I. Problems Caused by Plastics Increasing Rapidly
Plastic
has brought beneficial improvements to many areas of life, from health care to
household appliances. However, the
negative effects of its ubiquitousness around the world are also making
themselves known.
The
amount of plastic produced each year has grown from 20 million tons (Mt) in
1966 to 460 Mt in 2019. This amount is
forecast to exceed 1 billion tons by 2060.
Much of the plastic produced has a short usable lifespan and is then
disposed of; only around 30% of plastic products that have ever been made
throughout the world are still being used.
The share of plastic waste belonging to the United States was 42 Mt in
2016. Only 5% of this waste in the U. S.
was recycled; most of it (86%) went to a landfill and another small portion was
incinerated. Globally, only 9% of
plastic waste is recycled. The rest of
it is usually either dumped or burned, sometimes responsibly, sometimes not.
The
presence of so much plastic is having detrimental effects throughout the
environment. The ocean has become a
major catch basin for plastic waste.
Every year 8-10 Mt enter the ocean.
At current rates, by 2050 plastic in the ocean will outweigh all the fish
within it. This is partly due to its
slow rate of decomposition: It normally
takes hundreds of years for plastic material to break down. And yet this process does not leave us with
harmless compounds but instead with microplastic particles which also pose
dangers to living creatures.
Microplastics are now found in nearly everything, contaminating water,
soil, salt, food, and much more. These
small compounds cause major health problems once inside the human body: cancer, immune disorders, infertility,
etc. Larger plastic pieces also pose
threats to wildlife via suffocation, entanglement, and so on.
The
production of plastic is also energy intensive.
Nearly all of it, 99%, is produced from hydrocarbons. The energy required to extract the latter and
transform it into the various plastics we use amounts to 8% of worldwide oil
and gas consumption.
II. The Bamboo Alternative to Plastic
The
need for a biodegradable and less energy intensive substitute for plastic is
clearly needed. Bamboo, a type of
fast-growing grass present around the world, presents a viable option. Qiu and others write,
“Bamboo
is a renewable biomass material that has a high annual output of biomass per
area of land. The internode cells of bamboo are arranged strictly in the
longitudinal direction, with no radially oriented cells such as ray cells.
These unique microstructural features have a significant impact on the
durability and strength of bamboo and the manufacture process of bamboo
products, such as low density, high strength, and stiffness. The tensile
strength of bamboo fiber (650 MPa) is close to that of steel (500 to 1000 MPa)
and about twice that of wood. In addition, the flexibility of bamboo fiber is
much higher than that of steel. The compressive strength of bamboo is in the
range of 40 to 80 N/mm2, which is two to four times higher than that
of most timber species. In general, bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength
biomass material (Scurlock et al. 2000).”
The
versatility of bamboo is shown in the number of products that can be made from
it:
“Bamboo
fibers have been used in many industries, for example the garment/ textile,
automotive, pulp and paper industries. Due to its excellent durability, fire
safety, environmental impact, user safety, energy efficiency, and so on, bamboo
is one of the ideal raw materials for the production of sustainable household/
building products. In fact, the household/ construction sector accounts for 30
to 40% of the annual bamboo consumption in the world.”
Some
of the most common disposable plastic items – plates, cups, cutlery, diapers,
and straws – can also be made from bamboo.
The
market for bamboo products is not niche:
It had risen to $60 billion worldwide in 2015. Yet growing bamboo is not detrimental to the
environment. Quite the opposite, in
fact, as it enhances its well-being in various ways:
. . .
The rest is at https://www.abbevilleinstitute.org/a-southern-solution-to-the-plastic-waste-problem/.
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Holy
Ælfred the Great, King of England, South Patron, pray for us sinners at the Souð, unworthy though we are!
Anathema
to the Union!